Jordan Journal of Physics

Optimizing Optoelectronic, Antimicrobial Activity and Electrical Properties of Composite ZnO/ZnS with Fe Doped Nanocomposite towards Applications in Water Treatment

J. Barman, M. Bhattacharjee, D. J. Haloi — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: Composite ZnO and ZnS nanostructured with Fe doping thin films, exhibiting high antimicrobial activity, have been synthesized by chemical route. The optimized parameters, including composition ratio, doping concentration, temperature, UV exposure, and thickness of the composite ZnO and ZnS films, have been optimized in thin-film form. The synthesized samples were identified and analyzed by XRD, HR-SEM, EDX, and HRTEM. The band gap was estimated from absorption spectra, and the Stokes shift energy was calculated from emission and absorption spectra. The conductivity of the samples increased with higher Fe content and it depended on the composite ratio of ZnO and ZnS. Antimicrobial properties were studied using four bacterial strains, revealing that a concentration of 3.5 wt% was the optimal value for the most efficient activity.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZrTiO4 for Bioceramic Applications

Fadhil K. Farhan, Abothur Almohana, Zinab F. Nazal, B. A. Almayahi — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: This study presents the synthesis and characterization of bio-ceramic powder composed of zirconium titanate (ZrTiO₄) using a combination of the powder method and the hydrothermal technique. The objective was to investigate the feasibility of this approach in producing high-purity ZrTiO₄ nanocomposites with potential applications in various fields. The raw materials, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), were mixed in equal proportions and subjected to a series of processing steps. The resulting powder was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the nanocomposites, while SEM revealed diverse granule shapes, resembling cotton fibers or clusters of zirconium and titanium compounds. EDS analysis confirmed the elemental composition and the absence of impurities, demonstrating the high purity of the prepared ZrTiO₄ nanocomposites. The findings highlight the successful synthesis of bio-ceramic ZrTiO₄ nanocomposites through the combined powder method and hydrothermal technique. These materials hold promise for various applications, including biomedical and electronic devices, due to their unique properties and high purity.

Study of Elements, Functional Groups and UV Characteristics of Trapped Dust in the Filters of Air Conditioners for the Purpose of Air Quality Awareness

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: The current study on air quality awareness at Bowen University was undertaken to determine elements, functional groups, and UV characteristics of air conditioning (AC) filter dust collected from various buildings on campus. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet (UV) analysis were performed on the samples to raise community awareness. AAS revealed the presence of eleven elements in the samples: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cd, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Cr. FTIR analysis identified thirteen functional groups with origin = N – H, C – N, N – H, SiO₃, C – S, C – H, -NCS, = N – H, -O-C N, C = C – C, -C=N-, P – O – C, and C C, with maximum wavenumber peaks ranging from 3350 to 3320 cm^-1. The transmittance ray's visibility showed the presence of the orange-to-red spectrum at wavelengths between 650 and 750 nm. The study concludes that the presence of these elements, functional groups, and UV rays in the dust accumulated on AC filters underscores the importance of regular cleaning and maintenance. Proper upkeep of AC filters can help prevent dust inhalation, reducing the risk of nasal and respiratory diseases within the community.

Field Emission Characteristics of Carbon Black Particles and Various Types of Carbon Nanotubes Using Glass Tubes

Hatem A. Al-Braikat, Samer I. Daradkeh, M-Ali H. Al-Akhras, Marwan S. Mousa — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: Carbon-based nanomaterials have gained considerable attention in recent decades owing to their exceptional structural and material characteristics, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and high aspect ratio. These remarkable properties make carbon-based nanomaterials highly desirable for various scientific and industrial applications. In this research, the field electron emission (FEE) properties of different materials were investigated using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and the well-known Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plots. Specifically, four types of carbon-based nanomaterials were examined: single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) synthesized through a high-pressure carbon monoxide process involving Fe particles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a carbon purity of 90% known as NanoclyTM NC 7000, carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) denoted as III PR-1, and carbon black (CB) referred to as Vulcan XC72. Field emission tips, also known as emitters, were fabricated using a glass-drawing technique, with the carbon material inserted until it protruded from the broken end. These emitters were then characterized using field emission microscopes (FEM) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, with a cathode-to-screen (anode) separation of approximately 10 mm. The results obtained from the CB material exhibited satisfactory agreement with the linearity of the FN plots, while the other materials showed this agreement primarily at low applied voltages. The emission images appeared as a single-spot pattern at low voltages for SWCNTs and CNTFs, whereas CB and MWCNTs exhibited this characteristic pattern at higher voltages.

Negative Ion Formation in H + H Collisions at Low- to High- Energies

Saed J. Al Atawneh — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: For various branches of science, it is essential to determine all possible reactions and collisional cross-sections. Despite extensive large-scale studies conducted over the past decades to provide such data, many fundamental atomic and molecular cross-section values remain unknown, and the accuracy of the available data still requires verification. In this paper, we present cross-section calculations for negative ion formation (ion-pair formation) in hydrogen-hydrogen atom collisions based on the classical trajectory and quasi-classical trajectory Monte Carlo models. By comparing our results with available experimental data and theoretical predictions, we find that the QCTMC calculations align well with previous studies. However, the negative ion formation cross-sections obtained using the CTMC model underestimate all previously reported theoretical and experimental values. Nonetheless, the CTMC results show good agreement with the Q-, P-series approximation in the energy range of 1–10 keV. We present negative ion formation cross-sections for impact energies ranging from 1 keV to 100 keV, which are relevant to applications in astronomy, atmospheric sciences, plasma laboratories, and fusion research.

Soliton Type Solutions for Electromagnetic Wiggler Free Electron Laser

Mustafa Abu Safa — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: The nonlinear electromagnetic wave propagation in a system consisting of a relativistic cold-electron beam propagating through an electromagnetic wiggler is solved. A set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations is derived by coordinate transformation to the wiggler coordinates. Soliton-type solutions in the form of coupled electromagnetic and plasma waves are presented numerically, which may represent possible nonlinear saturated states of the electromagnetic wiggler free-electron laser instability. It is shown that the soliton solutions become an eigenvalue problem in the wiggler frequency , given a fixed set of parameters.

The Influence of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Additives on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Alumina Composites

Abdulsattar K. Hasan, Thamir A. Jumah, Kassim M. Wadi — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: Monolithic Al₂O₃ / multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were generated in three categories through ratios by conventional sintering method. The microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. After being prepared and pressed, the specimens were sintered. The as-synthesized specimens were characterized through XRD, SEM, particle size distribution, and porosity measurements. The mechanical property evaluations included measuring the compression, Vickers hardness, and Charpy impact testing. The absorbed energy and toughness were calculated for each sample. The XRD patterns were used to identify the structural parameters of the samples and identify the phases present. The SEM images were used to investigate the dispersion characteristics of the MWCNTs in addition to the nature of the fractured areas. The results show the possibility of enhancing the mechanical properties of the composite material by varying the composition ratio of the MWCNTs. The mechanical properties are also varying with the porosity character of the samples. The present analysis of the mechanical and structural properties of the fabricated samples is believed to assist the development of the composite material for armor applications.

Application of the Matrix Mechanics Method to Solve the Schrodinger Equation of the Bottomonium System

Aissa Belhouari — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: The matrix mechanics technique [1, 2] was used to analyze the charmonium ( bound state system) in our most recent study [3], and the results showed that it works admirably. In this paper, we attempt to solve the Schrödinger equation for the bottomonium system ( bound state) using the same technique. The results (the masses of the various states and the associated radial wave function) are consistent with experimental and other theoretical results obtained using other methods.

Performance of a Thin Layer of Plastic Scintillator Material to be Used as a Charged Particle Detector Using Geant4

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: The performance of a thin layer of plastic scintillator is investigated for use as a charged particle detector in various applications, including neutron-induced reactions with a charged particle in the exit channel. The detection efficiency for alpha particles and background radiation, including γ-radiation, electrons, and neutrons, was investigated using the Geant4 simulation toolkit. The results show that a thin layer of plastic scintillator can measure the alpha particles with a high efficiency of 50% for isotropic sources while keeping background radiation (with a very low detection efficiency) below 10%.

Dust Ion Acoustic Solitary Waves In A Relativistic Ion Plasma With Kappa Described Electrons And Positrons

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Propagation features of ion acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma which contain relativistic ions with kappa described electron and positron are studied. The negative dust is defined by q-nonextensive distribution. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is formulated using reductive perturbation technique to study evolution of dust ion acoustic solitary waves (DIASW). The variations in amplitude, width and phase velocity of solitary waves along with spectral index , non-extensive parameter q and relativistic factors are studied. We observed that persistence of dust particles enhances strength of solitary structures formed in the relativistic plasma. The relativistic factors and the spectral indices of electrons and positrons have an enhancing impact on the amplitude of solitary structures. Our results could be useful for studying dynamics of solitary structures existing in any astrophysical dusty plasma composed of relativistic streaming ions such as interplanetary space and relativistic wind of pulsar.

Identifying Leachate Plume Accumulation Zones at Lapite Dumpsite in Nigeria Employing Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) Method

Saheed A. Ganiyu — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: A geophysical investigation involving the use of the very low frequency-electromagnetic (VLF-EM) method was carried out at the Lapite dumpsite, which has been operational since 1998. The aim was to map conductive lineament features and the extent of contaminant plume in the subsurface for potential groundwater pollution. The VLF-EM survey was deployed at 10 m intervals with the aid of ABEM WADI VLF-EM meter. Nine VLF-EM profiles with lengths stretching between 120 and 250 m were arranged inside the dumpsite. A control profile of VLF-EM data was placed approximately 500 m from the dumpsite. The VLF-EM measurements were construed using Fraser and Karous-Hjelt filtering processes. Fraser graphs and current density pseudo-sections show the existence of west-orientated conductive structures/leachate accumulation zones at various depths, cutting across the dumpsite. The 2D current density sections indicate that leachate accretion/fluid-filled structures have high conductivity values (low resistivity), aligning with the outcomes acquired from the preceding electrical resistivity survey. The contaminant leachate may infiltrate the shallow groundwater system situated on the west side of the dumpsite.

Exploring the Relationship Linking the Radius and Potential Difference in Hemispherical Analyzer Energy

Ataullah. A. Alsheikh Essa, Khalid. Q. Kheder, Abdullah I. M. Alabdullah — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: The development of a hemispherical energy analyzer was a part of this research and study. The instrument was specifically designed to measure the kinetic energy of electrons inside the analyzer at various energies, while the electrons' initial kinetic energy was set to remain constant before they entered the analyzer. Different mean radius values were selected for the energy analyzer to explore their influence on its performance. The relationship between the mean radius and the potential difference within the analyzer was examined, revealing an inverse correlation. As the mean radius increased, the potential difference decreased. The performance of the analyzer was assessed based on the energy resolution achieved for each radius of the hemispherical energy analyzer. The potential difference within the analyzer decreased as the mean radius increased. In addition, in the comparison of the axial electric field values along the x-axis for different values of the mean radius, it was observed that the design with the lowest value of the central radius had the highest value of the electric field. This suggests an inverse relationship between the central radius and the electric field strength along the x-axis. Furthermore, a comparison was conducted on the axial electric potential profile values along the x-axis for different mean radius values, revealing that the design with the smallest central radius exhibited the highest electric potential.