Jordan Journal of Physics

DFT Study of the π-π Interaction between Graphene and Liquid Crystal Molecules for the Charge Transfer Applications

Tikaram, Yogesh Kumar , Narinder Kumar — Sat, 11 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: As the LC and GP sheets meet, the ionization potential, HOMO-LUMO gap, and cosmo area of the whole dimer (LC+GP) all drop. Every LC engages in a parallel plane (armchair) or diagonal cross-section interaction with the GP. Benzene-based liquid crystals interact strongly with graphene, whereas cyclohexane-based liquid crystals interact only weakly. Liquid crystal dimers based on benzene interact negatively with graphene. Liquid crystals composed of oxygen and nitrogen atoms exhibit interactions with graphene. Whereas nitrogen atom-based liquid crystals very faintly interact with graphene, oxygen atom-based liquid crystals do so energetically. In contrast to the nitrogen atom-based liquid crystal, the oxygen atom-based liquid crystal dimer displays a more impressive dipole moment. The strongest dipole moment is observed for the liquid crystal containing both nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The graphene sheet twisted in all the dimers, and all the liquid crystal benzene rings exhibit the π-π interaction with the graphene at a distance of ~3.5Å. The cyclohexane ring and the terminal group of the liquid crystal interact with graphene at a distance of ~2.5Å, but they do not show π-stacking.

Seasonal Variation of Heavy Metals, Uranium, and Thorium Concentration in Jordanian Dams Water

B. M. S. Amro, A. Aldrabee, O. Allabadi, E. Balbeisi, O. Qudah, K. AbuSaleem — Sat, 11 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: This work investigated the seasonal variation of heavy metal concentrations in the waters of Moujib, Wala, King Talal, Kufranjeh, and Tannour dams in Jordan. Samples were collected from each dam’s entrance, dam lake (reservoir), and exit. Samples were collected at the end of the rainfall season, when dams were almost full, and at the end of summer, when the water was at its lowest level. The study investigated the content of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, U, and Th elements. The results revealed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, and Pb were less than the lowest detectable limit during both seasons. The Uranium average concentrations for the wet and dry seasons were 1541 and 1564 ppt, respectively, while the average concentrations of thorium for the wet and dry seasons were 7 and 119 ppt, respectively. These results are below the allowed values according to the Jordanian standard for drinking water and international guidelines. They are comparable with values reported in the literature. This work indicates that Jordanian dam water is free from heavy metals, and the content of U and Th is within accepted levels.

Analysis of the relativistic and non-relativistic non-commutative quantum systems subject to improved inversely quadratic Hellmann potential model in 3D-(R/NR) NCQS symmetries

Abdelmadjid Maireche — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

: We present an improved inversely quadratic Hellman (IIQHP) model and determine its new eigenvalue solutions in the context of three-dimensional relativistic/non-relativistic non-commutative quantum mechanics (3D-(R/NR) NCQS). The parametric Bopp's shifts approach and standard perturbation theory are used in the frameworks of the 3D-(R/NR) NCQS to examine the novel high and lower energy spectrum within deformed Dira, Klein-Gordon, and Shrodinger regimes for IIQHP. We obtained new eigensolutions for the bosonic particles (spin-0, 1,...), fermionic particles with spin and p-spin symmetry with (spin/p-spin)-1/2 to be sensitive to the atomic quantum numbers ( ), the mixed potential depths ( ), the screening parameter and the disctet deformation parameters ( ). We recovered many potentials in the deformed Dirac equation, the deformed Klein-Gordon equation, and the deformed Schrodinger equation, including the newly modified Coulomb potential and the modified inversely quadratic Yukawa potential. The new non-relativistic eigenvalue solution of MYKP is then applied to obtain the spin-averaged mass spectra of the heavy mesons such, eg. and . To complete this study, we also explore the new partition function for the IIQHP, which is determined as a function of the corresponding partition function for IQHP potentials and non-commutativity parameters ( ). Other thermodynamic properties, such as new mean energy , new mean free energy , new entropy , and new heat capacity are determined for the IIQHP in the context of the deformed Schrodinger equation. We highlight that our results are consistent with the previous works presented in the literature when the simultaneous limits are achieved, which indicates ignoring the deformation of the space-space.

Exploring the Density, Viscosity and Physico-chemical Characteristics of Dextran in Aqueous Glycine: An Ultrasonic Analysis

Niharika Das, Subhraraj Panda — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

At 30 ⁰C, 35 ⁰C, 40 ⁰C, 45 ⁰C, and 50 ⁰C, the density (ρ), viscosity (η), and ultrasonic speed (U) of the systems of dextran with glycine in the aqueous medium have been measured. Ultrasonic interferometers have been used to measure the ultrasonic speed at four distinct frequencies: 1, 5, 9, and 12MHz.The acoustic parameters free volume, internal pressure, absorption coefficient, Rao's constant, and Wada's constant are calculated using the measured parameters density (ρ), viscosity (η), and ultrasonic speed (U). The examination of molecular mobility, distinct types of intermolecular interactions, and the strength of the connection between the solute (dextran 0.5%) and solvent (glycine 2(M)) are all influenced by the variation of these parameters with temperature and frequency. The findings have been explained in terms of a structural reorganisation that takes place in the aqueous dextran solution. At all the temperatures used for the investigation, the solute-solvent interactions are greater. The change in the acoustic properties is small because the frequency variation causes the molecules to move swiftly and have little chance to interact. This analysis provides a lot of information regarding the physical and chemical behaviour of liquid solutions.

the Optimization of the Third Electrode Design in Electrostatic Einzel Lenses

alaa Ahmad, Abdullah I. M. Alabdullah, Mohammed A. Hussein — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In this study, we designed an electrostatic Einzel lens, also known as a unipotential lens, with three electrodes. The two electrodes at each end were set to the ground potential, while a positive potential was Implemented on the central electrode. We explored the impact of changing the geometry of the third electrode on the trajectory of paraxial electron beams and the two-dimensional emittance. Notably, altering the outer diameter of the third electrode while keeping other parameters constant had a clear effect on the equipotential surface. This modification led to improvements in the electric potential and electric field distribution within the lens. Moreover, we introduced a cylindrical shape for the third electrode, acting as a cover for the first and second electrodes. Investigating its length revealed further enhancements in the path of the paraxial beam of electrons and reduced beam emittance. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing the third electrode's design to achieve superior performance in charged particle optics applications. The study demonstrates the potential of employing novel geometries and configurations to enhance the overall efficiency of electrostatic Einzel lenses.

The Heat Treatment Route Impact on 6063 Al-Mg-Si Alloy: Implications for Mechanical Properties.

A., Dr., Researcher, Dr., Marwan Mousa — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The Industrial 6063 Al-Mg-Si alloy was subjected to solutionizing, quenching, and ageing at different heat treatment routes, including natural ageing (NA) at room temperature, pre-ageing (PA) at elevated temperatures of 80-120 °C, and artificial ageing (AA) at 180 °C. The study aimed to understand the behaviour of clusters and precipitates during ageing and their impact on the alloy's mechanical properties. The results showed that the PA temperature plays a crucial role in the formation of clusters and AA in the formation of hardening precipitates (β’’). PA at ≤ 100 °C resulted in clusters similar to those from NA, while PA at 120 °C produced more stable clusters (β’’ nuclei). PA followed by AA at 180 °C for 6 hours increased hardness and tensile to values similar to AA without prior PA for PA ≤ 100 °C. AA after PA at 120 °C resulted in higher values of hardness and tensile. A good correlation was found between Vickers hardness with yield strength and tensile strength which agrees with the literature.

Key words

Natural ageing, pre-ageing, artificial ageing, Al-Mg-Si alloys, mechanical properties

A Comprehensive Review on the Formation Mechanism of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts

Banaz Haji, Azeez Barzinjy, Marwan Mousa, Ahmad Al Shaer, Samir Hamad — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that concerns the industrial use of nanoparticles (NPs), of the size ranges between 1 to 100 nm, which are classified into different classes such as inorganic, organic, ceramic and carbon-based nanoparticles. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs is utilized in numerous applications due to their vital properties (please mention which properties, or what these properties are important for) and hence it will be the focus for this review. Because producing NPs using chemically and physically is often expensive and potentially harmful to both the environment and the user, there has been an increasing interest in using biological or green methods to produce metal and metal oxide NPs. Recently, the researchers started to utilize green synthesis methods for producing different NPs, however, the NPs formation mechanism using plant extracts are still under investigation. Consequently, more in-depth studies are needed on how NPs are formed in plant extract medium. This review is designed to highlight the most robust mechanisms of formations ZnO NPs using plant extracts and to cover the commonly used plants for synthesizing ZnO NPs over the last fourteen years. This review will also help researchers to understand the proposed formation mechanisms of the NPs synthesis using plant extracts And to identify the gaps in the knowledge in this field.

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Polystyrene Coating on the Field Emission Characteristic of Tungsten and Carbon Fiber Emitters

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Achieving high initial emission currents at relatively low operating voltages is essential for field electron emission sources utilized in equipment reliant on focused electron beams. Coating these emitters with a dielectric layer has the potential to enlarge their effective emission region, thereby increasing the initial emission current value while simultaneously reducing the operating voltage. This study aims to demonstrate the agreements and differences in the effect of a dielectric polystyrene coating layer on field electron emission characteristic between two studies involving polystyrene-coated field emission emitters. The study provides a brief analysis of the field electron emission characteristic obtained from carbon fiber and tungsten emitters, both prepared using electrochemical etching techniques and covering by a polystyrene coat. Both studies are thoroughly reviewed and contextualized, emphasizing the advantageous attributes of this emitter type. The focus of the study lies in the current-voltage characteristic, Murphy-Good analysis plot, and field electron emission image obtained from both emitters, discussing the coating effect on their field emissivity. The investigation into the emission characteristics of coated tungsten indicates a significant improvement over coated carbon fiber emitters, with performance enhanced several times.

The quantum harmonic oscillator with λδ' (x) potential

Mohammad Dalabeeh — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In this work, the problem of the quantum harmonic oscillator with delta derivative
0potential λδ' (x), where λ is a coupling constant, is solved using the Green’s func-
tions technique. A transcendental equation that governs the energy eigenvalues of
the problems for each coupling constant is obtained. The eigenfunctions and their
first derivative are proved to be discontinuous at the origin. The values of the dis-
continuities jumps are found to agree with the requirements of having a self-adjoint
extension Hamiltonian. In the large coupling limit, the even energy eigenvalues and
eigenfunctions for the quantum harmonic oscillator are annihilated, and only the
odd parts survive. The dependence of the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions on
the sign of λ was made clear. A mapping between the sign of λ and the positions
of the particle was used to explain the discontinuity of the solution. In the large
λ regime, an educated guess for the wave functions was proposed. The proposed
solutions led to the correct energy eigenvalues and obeyed the required conditions
to have a self-adjoint extension Hamiltonian.

Natural Radioactivity And Estimation Of Radiation Doses In Some Northern Jordanian Buildings

Talal Haimur, Saleh Al-Bashaish, Marwan Mousa — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The radioactivity of different types of building materials used in Jordan, were analyzed using a high purity germanium detector (HPGe). The measured activity concentrations of (²³⁸U, ²³⁵U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra and ⁴⁰K) in Bq.kg^-1were found in ranges (1.7-66.1, 0.02-1.7, 0.3-11, 1.22-65.8 and 8.1-69.4) respectively. The range of radium equivalent activity (R_eq) from a maximum of 87.36 Bq.kg^-1 to a minimum of 3.46 Bq.kg^-1. The mean values of the radium equivalent activities ,Hazard indexes, absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose were calculated. Our results were analyzed and compared with other results performed in other countries. Results are, with one exception, in accordance with the recommended values of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.

Ultraviolet photodetectors based on nanostructured SnO2 thin films/P-Si heterojunctions prepared by a hydrothermal method

hameed alamery, J. F. Mohammed, Isam M. Ibrahim — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In this study, nanostructures of pure tin oxide were prepared on a seed layer using a hydrothermal method at different pH values (3, 9 and 11). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the prepared films were polycrystalline and had tetragonal structures with crystallite sizes ranging from 5.3 to 7.3 nm when the pH increased from 3 to 9. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of the prepared films indicate that the shape and size of the nanoparticles clearly change depending on the pH. The optical energy gap decreased from 3.3 to 3.1 eV as the pH increased from 3 to 9. Additionally, as the pH increases, the optical transmittance decreases. Photo-sensor results for the SnO₂/Si-p substrate at a wavelength of 370 nm. At pH= 9, SnO2/P-Si had the best sensitivity (approximately 42.77%). Fast rise and fall times of less than one second were obtained for all the prepared samples.

Solitary wave form of reaction rate in graphite diffusive medium using different neutron absorbers

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Graphite nuclear properties such as moderating power and absorption cross-section, are not as good as those of heavy water. But its pure form can be prepared. Its structural and thermal properties are good and it has a high thermal conductivity. The thermal neutron in graphite performs an average of 1200 scattering collisions before it is absorbed. This very low absorption cross section makes graphite as an ideal material for applications in nuclear reactors. In the current research, graphite is assumed as a diffusive medium due to its low absorption cross-section (0.0035 barn) and having a low mass close to the neutron mass. In this medium: Boron (¹⁰B), Cadmium (¹¹³Cd), Samarium (¹⁴⁹Sm), Europium (¹⁵¹Eu), Hafnium (¹⁷⁷Hf) and Gadolinium (¹⁵⁷Gd), separately are also considered as neutron absorbers. The aim of this paper is obtaining the solitary wave form of reaction rate in graphite diffusive medium using these neutron absorbers

Synergistic Antibacterial Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Chitosan and PVA Composite

‪saif mohammed‬‏, Khalid H. Hatif Al-Atiya, Hikmat A. J. Banimuslem — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel technique, and their structural characteristics were assessed utilizing XRD, FE–SEM, FT–IR, and UV–vis. The solution casting approach was used to insert zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) into a series of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (Cs/PVA) mix films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that increasing the ZnO nanoparticle content leads to significant structural changes in the Cs/PVA blend. The FT-IR analysis revealed substantial changes in the absorption bands within the 2000–1250 cm⁻¹ region upon the addition of ZnO nanoparticles to the PVA/Cs blend, the presence of hydrogen bonds, both within and between molecules, highlights the interaction between the hydroxyl groups of Cs/PVA and ZnO NPs. UV–vis analysis showed that with increased zinc oxide nanoparticles, the optical bandgap of Cs/PVA decreased from 5.45 eV to 4.5 eV. The antimicrobial tests revealed that the nanocomposite films demonstrated significantly improved antimicrobial effectiveness compared to the pure Cs/PVA film. This improvement directly corresponds to the increasing concentration of ZnO nanoparticles within the matrix. This nanocomposite can filter against Brevibacterium epidermidis bacteria, which causes an unpleasant odor during sweating and when wearing shoes for long periods.