Jordan Journal of Physics

Enhanced thermal and dielectric properties of heterogeneous copper oxide nanoparticles varied poly isoprene anti biofilm

Abila Jeba Queen M, Bright K.C — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In order to improve the thermal and dielectric properties of poly isoprene (natural rubber), copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles at low quantity have been varied by mechanical method. Copper oxide nanoparticles has synthesized by the simple chemical reaction between copper acetate and oxalic acid. 0.4 g of the prepared nanoparticles was impregnated into the isoprene. The structure of CuO and copper oxide nanoparticles varied poly isoprene were characterized, and the crystallite size, lattice strain, dislocation density and number of particles per unit volume were calculated. The result shows that compared with CuO nanoparticles, poly isoprene matrix with higher dislocation density confirms the hardest nature. The thermal analysis results show that copper oxide nanoparticles varied poly isoprene have much higher thermal stability. The thermal stability increases by adding lower quantity of copper oxide nanoparticles into the rubber matrix. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the materials are studied at different frequencies and temperature. Moreover, the dielectric properties also varied by the incorporation of copper oxide nanoparticles. The structure of CuO plays a significant synergetic effect in the reinforcing properties of poly isoprene. The outstanding antibacterial actions were also identified against Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria.

Influence of gas flow rate on the plasma temperature and electron density of an atmospheric argon plasma jet

Muna Issa, Kadhim A. Aadim — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study, an approach for experimentally determining the electron-temperature (T_e) and electron-number-density (ne) in an atmospheric Argon (Ar) plasma jet is employed, utilizing optical-emission spectroscopy (OES). The Boltzmann plot method is applied to compute these parameters across variable measurements of gas-flow-rates ranging from 0.5 to 2.5, respectively. the resulting show that the gas flow-rate affects the electron-temperature, and there is an inverse relationship with the gas flow-rate and electron temperature, In contrast, there exists a clear correlation between the rate at which gas flows and the density of electrons in the plasma jet. The inverse correlation between electron temperature and electron density highlights the complex interplay between gas flow-rates and fundamental plasma characteristics, which is essential for comprehending and enhancing plasma-based applications.

Comparison of calculated energy levels and electrical transition probability of the even-even 144-150Nd isotopes using IBM-2, NEF and BM

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The energy levels of low- lying bands have been calculated using the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-2), New Empirical Formula (NEF) and Bohr - Mottelson Model (BM), while the rest of the levels including the negative parity bands (NPS) of even-even Neodymium isotopes Nd (144-150) have been calculated using only NEF and BM. The electrical transition probabilities of Nd nuclei have also been calculated. A comparison between the results and the available experimental data illustrated a very good agreement. To determine the property of the ground-state band, the ratio as function of the spin ( ) has been plotted.

Analysis of generating a microwave frequency comb in laser-assisted scanning tunneling microscopy with a semiconductor sample

Marwan Mousa, Mark J. Hagmann — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract: When a mode-locked laser is focused on the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope optical rectification generates microwave harmonics at integer multiples of the laser pulse repetition frequency. These harmonics set the present state-of-the-art for a narrow-linewidth microwave source because of the high stability of passive mode-locking in the laser. Hundreds of harmonics are measured with a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 25 dB with a metal sample in the STM. However, the harmonics are attenuated by the spreading resistance with a resistive sample. Now the spreading resistance is quantified and analysis with equivalent circuit models is used to characterize the effects to support further measurements with semiconductors.

The Charge density distributions, elastic and inelastic longitudinal electron scattering form factors of 28Si and 32S Nuclei

Hassan khalid, Gaith N. Flaiyh — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Calculated charge density distributions using folding model which has been applied to study the roles of the center of mass and Pauli pair association affect the density relying of the efficient two-body interactions, as a formula for the two-body density applicable to limit nuclei may be derived in terms of the pair correlation function. For ²⁸Si and ³²S, the elastic electrons scattering form factors F(q) and the root of the mean cube charge radii 〈r^2 〉^(1/2)was determined. The inelastic longitudinal electron scattering form factors associated with the isosceles transitioning T = 0 of the ( ,( and ( ) for the ²⁸Si and ³²S nuclei were determined. A wave function within the model space, which is defined by the orbits , 2 and ,is unable to produce an acceptable form factor. The core-polarization impact are assessed by incorporating the Tassie-model shape and the two-body distribution of charge density into the model space, which results in a high degree of matching with the experimental data.

Effect of Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Thin Films for Solar Cell Application

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In recent times, considerable attention has shifted to the application of Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS) as absorber material in thin film solar cells. CZTS is a potential replacement for Copper Indium Gallium Selenide and Cadmium Telluride absorber-based solar cells because of its environmentally benign properties. It has a direct bandgap of 1.5 eV and high absorption coefficient (> 10^-4 cm^-1). In this paper, CZTS precursor solution was prepared using ethylene glycol and CZTS thin film was synthesized by spraying the solution on heated substrates. The effect of annealing temperatures on structural, optical and electrical properties of sprayed CZTS thin films were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry and four-point probe technique. XRD study revealed a wurzite structured CZTS thin film at 450^oC annealing temperature and images obtained from SEM showed a homogenous and agglomerated surface at same temperature. UV-vis spectroscopic studies revealed increasing absorbance with increase in wavelength and a bandgap of 1.5 eV at 450^oC. Electrical studies showed lowest resistivity at 450^oC and a conversion efficiency of 0.12%.

Optimization of Source Pocket Height on Source Pocket Half Hetero Dielectric Double Gate TFETs (SP-HHD-DG-TFET)

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Optimization of different electrical parameters are done by modifying the structure as well as using appropriate material in double gate tunnel FET (DG-TFET) for proper application of such devices. The simulation, using Silvaco TCAD on DG-TFET with source pocket (SP) of at the junction of source-channel within the n-channel along with the used of hetero-dielectric of and , high-k dielectrics at the gate near the source and in the remaining half part of the gate, near the drain i.e. half hetero dielectric (HHD) at the gate is done. The obtained electrical characteristics as well as calculate different physical parameters on the structure source pocket half DG-TFET (SP-HHD-DG-TFET) structure is studied using SILVACO ATLAS and explained with different phenomena of physics causing such behavior. The optimization of the height of the SP shows that the SP of height of shows ratio and sub-threshold swing (SS) to be and . Hence, the optimized length and the model is suggested be useful as a low-power and high speed devices.

Reusing of waste glass doped with both agricultural wastes and mining wastes as radiation shielding materials: Computational and experimental study

Zeynep AYGUN, Murat AYGUN — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The objective of the study is to reuse the waste materials obtained by our daily routines at homes, food industries or mine industry and to determine the radiation shielding abilities of the produced materials based on the wastes. In this context, four groups of waste samples including both waste glass, agricultural wastes and mine wastes (tea waste, egg shell waste, peanut shell waste, tincal waste, Bayburt stone waste and green clay) were produced by mixing in different ratios. Also, the effect of Ta and W addition to the wastes on the protection ability was examined. The Phy-X/PSD code was performed to calculate the radiation protection parameters. In addition, spectroscopic results were provided based on XRD, EPR and SEM-EDS spectroscopic techniques. It is observed that there is a relation between the amount of tantalum and tungsten and the radiation protection capacities of the samples. It can be also noted that neutron shielding abilities are same as photon shielding. One may conclude that the novel prepared samples consisting of wastes in order to support reusing and recycling have good protective properties and use of the samples as replacement materials instead of cement, aggregate or concrete can be recommended.

Efros-Shklovskii variable range hopping conduction in 70Ge: Ga Semiconductor at very low temperature

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract. In this study, we focused on investigating the electrical transport processes within the three-dimensional ⁷⁰Ge: Ga system at low temperatures, ranging from 0.05 K to 0.25 K, in the absence of a magnetic field. Our analysis specifically targeted the insulating side of the Metal-Insulator Transition (MIT). The five samples studied have Ga concentrations n ranging from 1.753 10¹⁷ to 1.844 10¹⁷ cm^-3. We established that the temperature T dependence of the electrical conductivity s =s₀ exp[-(T₀/T)^x], with x = 0.5 follows to the Efros and Schklovski variable range hopping regime (ES - VRH) between the localized states located around the Fermi level (E_F). This behavior indicates that the electronic density of states (DOS) is canceled very close to the E_F with opening a soft Coulomb gap (CG) near the E_F. Notably, we did not observe any transition to the Mott-VRH regime with T^-0.25, which is characterized by a nearly constant and non-zero DOS near E_F. Furthermore, we estimated some Efros and Schlovskii hopping parameters to further understand the electrical transport properties of the ⁷⁰Ge: Ga system. The data presented in this study are derived from a ⁷⁰Ge: Ga system prepared and reported in reference [20].

On the origin of cosmic microwave background radiation

Sergey Fedosin — Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The alternative mechanism of the emergence of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), associated with the thermal radiation of primordial gas-dust clouds in the early Universe, is considered. The emergence of such clouds in the theory of infinite hierarchical nesting of matter is a natural stage in matter evolution. The mass, radius and spatial concentration of typical primordial gas-dust clouds; the distance between neighboring clouds; and the power of CMB energy generation per unit volume and per nucleon of the early Universe were calculated. The masses and radii of these clouds correspond to the masses and radii of the observed Bok globules. The presented mechanism is consistent with the cluster model describing the appearance of angular multipoles in the CMB power spectrum. In addition to CMB radiation, cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation and cosmic optical background (COB) radiation are also considered. According to the presented model, the sources of CIB are primordial protoplanetary clouds. As for the COB radiation, it is associated with the radiation of the first protostars. During evolution, each primordial cloud, with a mass of about 31 solar masses, first generates CMB radiation, and then CIB and COB radiations. Since protostars give rise to neutron stars, the concentration of primordial gas-dust clouds is also the concentration of observed neutron stars. In the course of the calculations, a new definition of the radiation intensity is used, associated with the vector of the surface energy flux density, and taking into account the angles of incidence of radiation on a flat receiver from all sides of the hemisphere. According to Poynting's theorem, the relationship between the intensity and energy density of black body radiation is derived in the concept of photons.

Results of observations for Three Confirmed Exoplanets using UV/IR cut Filter.

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0300

We present the exoplanet transit phenomena detected by the Sharjah Astronomical Observatory (SAO-M47) located in Sharjah United Arab Emirates. In this work, the object to observe is the transited Hot-Jupiter exoplanets: TrES-1b, WASP-104b, and HAT-P-54b by using UV-IR cut filter width band from 420nm to 685nm. The obtained results have been compared with the results from the first published paper and other observations using several filters to recognize the differences that studied the three Hot-Jupiter exoplanets. The study, in general, focused on how changes in a planet's size are influenced by the particles in its atmosphere. Tested by wide band filter UV-IR cut filter and multiwavelength observations this work's results are comparable to the previous work in a specific point is the relation between fine and large particles detected the scattering effect by blocking the host star light. Several other parameters such as Orbit Inclination (i) and Transit Duration T_dir will be presented with the obtained results, which were (1.205 ± 0.019 R_JUP, 1.028 +0.046 / -0.049 R_JUP, 1.079+0.040/-0.042R_JUP) for TrES1b, HAT-P-54b and WASP-104b, respectively. The rest of the parameters are included in the tables.