Jordan Journal of Physics

Electronic and Optical Properties of Zr-, Zr-N-doped 2D MoS2 Using First-Principle Study

A. Ouahdani — 2025-08-23

Abstract: A MoS₂ monolayer is an emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor for next-generation flexible and miniaturized electronics. Its doping is of great importance in order not only to adapt its properties, but also to facilitate many potential large-scale applications. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including spin-orbit coupling (SOC), were performed to investigate the effects of p-type transition metal Zr doping and Zr–N co-doping on the structural and optoelectronic properties of pristine MoS₂. Results obtained using both the PBE and TB-mBJ approximations show that while pristine and Zr-doped MoS₂ monolayers exhibit semiconductor behavior with direct and indirect band gaps, respectively, Zr-N co-doping leads to a transition to metallic behavior. The Zr and N atoms significantly affect the partial and total density of state profiles, with a main contribution of Zr − d, N − p, and S − p orbitals. The dielectric function and optical refractive index are also determined. The findings show anisotropy in optical characteristics, which is promising for optical applications. The Zr-doping and Zr-N co-doping employed in this study provide an effective tool for changing the electrical and optical properties of MoS₂ monolayers to fulfill the needs of a variety of technological applications while producing an optoelectronic device based on a MoS₂ monolayer.

Study of the Nuclear Structure for the 19O Nucleus by Using USDEPN and WCPN Interactions

Hadeel H. Abed — 2025-08-23

Abstract: The NuShellX@MSU code, along with the USDEPN and WCPN interactions within the sdpn-shell model space, has been employed to study the energy levels, electromagnetic transition probabilities, and charge density distribution of the ¹⁹O nucleus using the nuclear shell model. The model space for this under-researched nucleus contains the configurations (0d_5/2, 1s1/2, and 0d3/2). In terms of energy levels, a generally acceptable agreement was achieved for several states, while a comparable similarity is anticipated for others. As for electromagnetic transfers, the default values of the effective charge and the g-factors were changed to obtain an acceptable agreement with the experimental magnetic transfer data for the ground state. However, no experimental data for the charge density distribution are currently available for comparison.

Shell Model Calculations of Nuclear Properties in (91,93Sr) Strontium Isotopes Using NuShellX@MSU Code

F. H. Obeed — 2025-08-23

Abstract: The nuclear shell model has been applied to calculate various nuclear properties of the ^91,93Sr isotopes, including spins and parities, energy spectra, reduced electromagnetic transition possibilities (electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole), magnetic dipole moments, nuclear charge distributions, and mass density as functions of the radial distance from the nucleus center (r). In this study, the NuShellX@MSU code was employed using Gloeckner-Bare G-matrix interaction, within the Gloeckner model space of the orbits (2p_1/2,1g_9/2) and (3s_1/2,2d_5/2) for protons and neutrons, respectively. The results showed good agreement with the available experimental data (spins and parities of energy spectra) and a confirmation of most levels. Theoretically, new values have been expected for the most nuclear properties, including spin, parities, energy spectra, transition strengths, electric quadrupole, dipole magnetic moments, the nuclear charge, and mass density distributions. Previously, these accounts had not been determined empirically.

A Calculation and evaluation of the best Orbit for Satellites convenience to transfer to the Geosynchronous transfer Orbit (GTO)

Marwah Issa — 2025-08-23

Employing the Hohmann transfer technique, the study has delved into optimizing satellite transfers from LEO to GTO by identifying the ideal parking orbit. The research aimed at boosting the effectiveness of Ariane 5 rockets and involved coaxial elliptical orbits. Critical parameters were recognized for a successful transition to GTO, including initial conditions such as an altitude of 259.2 kilometers, velocity of 7.81822802 meters/second, and specific values for semi-major axis, eccentricity, inclination, argument of perigee, and longitude of the ascending node (6757.74 km, 0.0178166, 2°, 178°, 0 respectively). Through meticulous analysis, the study meticulously delineated these crucial factors.

This study illuminates significant aspects of satellite technology and mission planning and represents an important step towards breakthroughs in orbital transfers. By carefully managing perturbations such as atmospheric drag, solar radiation pressure, and gravitational effects, this investigation advances our comprehension of satellite dynamics. The critical importance of precise parameterization and nuanced perturbation management is underscored by our research, which offers invaluable insights into the evolution of the satellite industry.

Utilizing Semi-Empirical Miedema’s Model for Gibbs Free Energy Calculations in Fe-Al-Cr and Fe-Al-Cu Alloys

Ali Kadhim Alsaedi — 2025-08-23

Abstract: The Miedema semi-empirical model represents a promising technique for estimating the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) in Fe-Al-Cr and Fe-Al-Cu alloys. In this study, the software Materials Analysis Applying Thermodynamics (MAAT) was utilized to calculate ΔG. The results indicated that the ΔG values for the binary alloys (Fe-Al, Fe-Cr, Al-Cr, and Al-Cu) were negative and lower than the ideal Gibbs free energy (ΔG^ideal), except for Fe-Cu, which exhibited a positive ΔG. For the ternary alloys (Fe-Al-Cr and Fe-Al-Cu), the ΔG values were predominantly negative across a wide range of compositions. This suggests the presence of driving forces promoting the formation of solid solutions from Fe, Al, Cr, and Cu throughout the entire composition range.

Effects of Etching Solution Concentration on Silicon Surface Reflectivity as a Solar Cell Surface Modifier

Ammar Al-Husseini — 2025-08-23

The surface structure of single-crystal silicon is known to be one of the best ways to reduce reflection, increase light trapping ability, and increase light absorption. The hierarchical surface structure plays an important role in reducing the reflectivity of single-crystalline silicon surfaces. Through this research, the size and density of the pyramids formed on the silicone surface and their relationship to changes in the concentration of the etching solution during silicone processing were studied and evaluated. The pyramids etched on the silicon surface formed photo-traps that increased the efficiency of light absorption. The effects of hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) on a 20 wt% KOH and 20wt% NaOH solution were investigated. The concentration of NH₂OH variedfrom 6 to 18wt% while the etching temperature was kept at 70 °C and the etching time was at 40 minutes. In this work, optimal etch concentrations were determined, and it was found that a 20 wt% KOH + 18wt% NH₂OH solution was superior tothe 20 wt% KOH solution.The normal incidence percent reflectivitywas 6.5%, at 640 nm wavelength, for Si {100} surfaces etched in a 20wt% NaOH + 18wt% NH₂OH solution. This normal incidence percent reflectivity valuewas slightly higher than that achieved by the 20wt% pure NaOH solutionwhere a percent reflectivity of 6.0% was measured at the same wavelength. Moreover, the addition of NH₂OH leads to a noticeable increase in the size of the etched pyramid structures.

Investigation of the ΔI = 2 Staggering in the Superdeformed Bands of 194Hg Nuclei

K. A. Gado — 2025-08-23

Abstract: The bandhead spin was determined by solving a quadratic equation based on the Harris parameters, and which were obtained by fitting the experimental dynamical moment of inertia to the experimental rotational frequency . Due to its high compatibility with the gamma transition energies, the four-parameter collective rotational model of Bohr-Mottelson was employed to predict the transition energies and spins of the levels in the superdeformed (SD) bands of ¹⁹⁴Hg (b₁, b₂, b₃). The results show that the energy spectra obtained from the four-parameter collective rotational model are more accurate than those obtained previously. For the mass region, increases with increasing . It is suggested that a discrete approximation of the fourth derivative of the energy difference as a function of angular momentum can appropriately define the staggering in the bands for ¹⁹⁴Hg (b₁, b₂, b₃) superdeformed (SD) nuclei. In ¹⁹⁴Hg (b₁, b₂, b₃) with long bands ( ), this quantity displays a well-developed staggering pattern (zigzagging behaviour with alternating signs). The interaction between two sequences is shown to account for the staggering in a reasonable way. The model energy expression reproduces successfully the staggering pattern in all considered SD bands for ¹⁹⁴Hg (b₁, b₂, b₃) up to .

Growth and Properties of Pure Phase Kesterite CZTS Nanostructure for Electrochemical, Photocatalytic, and Antibacterial Applications

S. Manjula — 2025-08-23

Abstract: Surfactant-free, high-grade, self-assembled quaternary copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) nanoparticles were synthesized successfully via a simple hydrothermal method. Different thiourea concentrations were used as chalcogen precursors, and their influences were investigated. The concentration of sulfur precursor gradually increased to obtain a pure kesterite phase, which was identified by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier-transform Raman spectrometer (FT-Raman). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed diverse nanostructures, such as spheres, plates, and rose-like formations. The specific capacitance values of pure-phase kieserite CZTS nanoparticles were analyzed using a three-electrode system. The photocatalytic activity of CZTS nanoparticles against methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) degradation under visible light irradiation reached 93% and 89% within 70 min, respectively. Also, CZTS TU-10 nanostructures exhibited stronger antibacterial performance against both gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes) and gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus) pathogens. The maximum inhibition zone (26 mm) was obtained against Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. These results imply that kesterite CZTS could be considered an efficient candidate for multiple applications.

Sensing Efficacy of ZnO Film towards Ethanol and Acetone

Dinesh Kumar Chaudhary — 2025-08-23

: In this work, the Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. The ethanol and acetone vapor detection abilities of the ZnO film were comprehensively examined at 100–330^oC temperature. The XRD result revealed a polycrystalline nature with a mean crystallite size of 27.3898 ± 0.5472 nm. The SEM and EDX analyses demonstrated the formation of nano-leaf structures of ZnO. The result on the gas response measurement showed a higher response of 52.08 ± 1.23 and 25.62 ± 1.21 at 285 ^oC at 800 ppm ethanol and acetone vapor exposure, respectively i.e. selectivity towards the ethanol. The film exhibited the quick response to both vapors with the response time of 5 s and 11 s, respectively. The result on the response measurement of several cycles illustrated its repeatability and stability along with better sensing performance than the other reported identical works. These findings will help in the development of an expensive, effective gas sensor that is capable of detecting as low as 40 ppm of ethanol and acetone vapors which is less than the recommended value set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Dimensionality impact on two Rydberg dressed atoms confined in a harmonic trap

nabila grar — 2025-08-23

An analytical solution is possible for the Schrödinger equation for two particles interacting via a step-like potential and confined in a harmonic trap. This model is assumed to be very close to the real case of two confined Rydberg dressed atoms. In this contribution, we are addressing in an elaborated manner the adequacy of this approximation to describe the realistic situation. We are analyzing in detail the impact of the dimensionality on the spatial correlation of the system.The impact of the dimensionality on the dynamic of the system when a quench scenario is operated, is also investigated

Geometrical Interpretation of Lorentz Transformation Equations in Two and Three dimensions of space

Chandra Khadka — 2025-08-23

This study introduces a new method to interpret the mathematical formulation of Lorentz transformation by extending relative motion between inertial frames in two and three-dimensional space. The Lorentz transformation equations are the foundations of present-day relativity theory, and their possible extensions in two and three dimensions of space is an essential part of the theory. Here, the space-time coordinate transformation along X, Y and Z-directions are formulated by developing the relation between Cartesian and polar coordinates. Based on this modified theory, the correct transformation equations along X, Y and Z-directions are delineated, respectively, by the formulas and , where and denote the space-time coordinates measured from stationary and moving frame of reference respectively. With use of such modified transformation equations, invariance of space time interval and relativity of simultaneity have been studied extensively. In this charming topic of relativistic mechanics, our specific purpose is not to enter into merits of existing one-dimensional Lorentz transformation, but rather to propose a brief and carefully reasoned mathematical derivation describing new aspect of Lorentz transformation, which decently allows for the formulation of relativistic mechanics in two and three-dimensional space.

Coupling Concept for Cross-Bar H-Type Cavities

Ali Almomani — 2025-08-23

The Cross-bar H-type cavities (CH-DTL) have been investigated in last two decades in different laboratories. They have promising features when comparing with conventional DTL structures in terms of field gradient, shunt impedance and costs. The KONUS beam dynamics allows to have short drift tube sections without focusing lenses, resulting in a limited number of gaps per CH – cavity. With the available 3 MW klystron, the short cavity structure will not use the full amplifier power and to RF - couple two single cavities seems an applicable solution to have more gaps per structure, without harming the beam dynamics. This concept will be realized by coupling three resonators together and operating them as one structure at zero mode. In this paper, two identical CH – tanks - each with 13 gaps - will be coupled together with a coupling cell containing a quadrupole triplet and the results will be compared with theory. This type of cavity is called Coupled CH – cavity and is denoted as CCH. The design frequency and field distribution results from an optimization of the three coupled resonators and is described in this paper. The fine tuning will be done by fixed and movable tuners along the structure.