Jordan Journal of Physics

A Proper Quantization Rule for Solving the Klein-Gordon Equation with Equal and Unequal Scalar and Vector Interaction Potentials

2025-01-28T10:21:43+03:00

Abstract: Based on the formal equivalence between the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation and the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation and using the proper quantization rule as well as the Riccati equation solution, exact solutions are established for a set of interaction potentials (second Rosen-Morse, Pöschl-Teller, second Pöschl-Teller, Scarf II, and Eckart hyperbolic type potentials). The calculations are elaborated in the case of equal scalar and vector potentials. The general case of unequal scalar-vector potentials is detailed for the case of harmonic potential class.

Keywords: Proper quantization rule, Exact solutions, Klein-Gordon equation, Riccati equation.

PACS number: 03.65.Ge; 03.65.Fd; 03.65.Bz; 03.65.−w.

Development of a Highly Sensitive Biosensor for Accurate Assessment of Radon Levels in Blood Samples

2025-01-28T10:29:57+03:00

Abstract: In this study, a biosensor was developed to detect radioactive radon and lead ions in blood samples collected from donors at the National Oncology Hospital in Najaf, Iraq, and the Manathira Hospital. The donors included both cancer patients and healthy individuals. The biosensor, composed of Aptamer, acetic acid, malachite green, and TRIS-HAC, was analyzed using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Additionally, radon gas levels were measured using Canary devices. The results indicated that the average radon gas concentration in the blood samples detected by the biosensor was 5.82 ± 0.23 Bqm^-3, while the average concentration measured by the Canary device was 3.88±0.35 Bqm^-3. The average lead concentration detected by the biosensor was 0.03286 ppm. The study concluded that the concentration of ²²²Rn in the blood was within the limits permitted by the WHO and the IAEA. Moreover, the level of lead ion in all blood samples was within the permissible limit according to the WHO and the IAEA. The biosensor was found to be more sensitive, cost-effective, efficient, and faster to manufacture than other detection devices such as Canary and Rad7. Thus, the study suggests that the biosensor is a better alternative for measuring radon and lead ion levels in blood samples.

Keywords: Radon, Lead, Aptamer, Airthing, Fluorescence Spectrophotometry.

Structural, Optical, Elemental and Thermal Characteristics of Pure and Magnesium Sulfate-Doped Growth Thiourea Crystals

2025-01-28T10:33:25+03:00

Abstract: The growth of single crystals of pure and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)-doped Thiourea (TU) was accomplished through solvent evaporation. The crystals were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR, EDAX, UV-visible, and TG/DTA techniques. The MgSO₄-doped TU crystal exhibited excellent optical transmission across the entire visible range. The metal complexes of TU enhanced the lower cut-off wavelength by 14.85 nm compared to pure TU, which is an essential requirement for a nonlinear optical material.

Keywords: Optical material, Magnesium sulfate, Gravimetric, Structural resemblance, Thiourea.

Molybdenum with MOX Nuclear Fuel to be Used for the Second Load of Generation IV ALLEGRO Nuclear Reactor Using the Monte Carlo Method

2025-01-28T10:38:24+03:00

Abstract: A new nuclear fuel consisting of 80% MOX and 20% molybdenum is proposed to be used in Gen IV reactors (ALLEGRO Reactor). The average temperature drop on the fuel (ATDF) decreased by about 153 °C with respect to the non-mixed MOX with a consequent decrease of the average temperature on the fuel-rod axis (ATFA) by 166.4 °C. This temperature reduction can be utilized to increase the coolant outlet temperature (T_out), thereby enhancing the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle of the coolant (ETCC). The MALBRN computational system was used to address the neutronic problem using the Monte Carlo method (MCM) and the thermal-hydraulic problem using correlations available in the literature. A comparison of the new fuel with standard nuclear fuels, such as carbides (CFs) and nitrides (NFs), was conducted based on thermal properties. The new fuel exhibits an ATDF comparable to those of CFs and NFs. Moreover, the new fuel enables coolant outlet temperatures to reach high values (up to 1140.4 °C), facilitating advanced applications for generation IV reactors. As a result, a very high ETCC (up to 64.90%) can be achieved. However, this improvement comes at the cost of a higher plutonium content in the final fuel (26.84% compared to 20.35%).

Keywords: ALLEGRO and Gen IV reactors, Carbide and Nitride fuels, MOX fuel, Molybdenium, MALBRN computation system, Monte Carlo method.

PACS: 25.85.−w Fission reactions.

Calculating Resistance in an Infinite Triangular Lattice Network

2025-01-28T10:42:44+03:00

Abstract: The lattice Green's function method is employed to analyze the resistance of a triangular network consisting of identical resistors in both perfect and perturbed scenarios, where a single interstitial resistance is added. In the perfect lattice scenario, all resistors are assumed to have equal resistance, and the network is considered ideal with no imperfections. To calculate the lattice Green's function and resistance of the perturbed lattice, Dyson's equation is utilized. This equation relates the perturbed and unperturbed Green's function and the interstitial resistance value. To validate the dependability of the lattice Green's function method in predicting the behavior of intricate networks, the accuracy of the computed values is evaluated by comparing them with the measured values for an infinite triangular network.

Keywords: Resistors, Lattice Green’s function, Perturbation.

Epoxy Composites for the Use in Radiation Protection Applications: A Comparison between Baso4, and Zno Nano-Composites and Micro-Composites

2025-01-28T10:47:49+03:00

Abstract: In this work, epoxy composites were prepared containing zinc oxide and barium sulfate to protect against high-energy electromagnetic waves, specifically X-rays and gamma rays. Two types of epoxy composites were developed: one with nanomaterial fillers and the other with micromaterial fillers. A thermal processing technique was employed to prepare one of the two types of composites. Various ratios of barium sulfate, zinc oxide, and epoxy resin were used. For each ratio of epoxy resin composites, multiple characterization techniques were applied and analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the crystalline structures of the composites, while energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) determined the elemental weight ratios in the samples. Additional techniques included a simple density meter to measure the volumetric density of the epoxy composite samples and micrometers to measure the sample thickness. The two types of prepared epoxy composites, containing either nanofillers or microfillers, were tested for their effectiveness in protecting against gamma rays and X-rays. The measured volumetric densities were 1.0634 kg/m³ for pure epoxy, 3.2365 kg/m³ for nano-filled epoxy composites, and 4.1672 kg/m³ for micro-filled epoxy composites. The epoxy composite with nanomaterial fillers exhibited a linear attenuation coefficient of approximately 0.17 cm⁻¹, while the composite with micromaterial fillers showed a linear attenuation coefficient of approximately 0.15 cm⁻¹. This indicates that the epoxy composite with nanomaterial fillers provides better shielding performance compared to the composite with micromaterial fillers.

Keywords: Epoxy, Barium sulfate, Linear attenuation coefficient, Zinc oxide, Epoxy composites, Gamma-ray, Radiation protection, Composites.

Heavy-light mesons and diatomic molecules with improved Eckart--Hellmann potential model in a deformation space-space background: New bound states and the effect on thermodynamic properties

2023-07-17T14:23:31+03:00

In this research work, we investigate the 3D deformed Klien-Gordon and Schrödinger equation equations (DKGE and DSE) with the improved Eckart-Hellmann potential model (IEHP) model taking into consideration the effects of deformation space-space within the three-dimensional relativistic/non-relativistic noncommutative quantum mechanics (3D-(R/NR)NCQS) regime. The DKGE and DSE in the 3D-(R/NR) NCQS regime for this consideration are solved using the well-known Bopp's shifts method and standard perturbation theory. The new relativistic and non-relativistic energy equation and eigenfunction for the IEHP in the presence of deformation space-space for the homogeneous (I₂, N₂, H₂) and heterogeneous (CO, NO, VH, TiH, NiC, TiC, and CuLi) diatomic molecules are obtained to be sensitive to the atomic quantum numbers ( ), the mixed potential depths ( ), the screening parameter and non-commutativity parameters. The non-relativistic limit of new energy spectra is analyzed. We examine the obtained new bound state eigenvalues of the DKGE and deformed Schrödinger equation with the IEHP in 3D-(R/NR) NCQS symmetries by suitable adjustment of the combined potential parameters and get the new modified Hellmann potential, new modified Eckart potential, new modified Coulomb potential, and new modified Yukawa potential. The homogeneous and heterogeneous composite systems under the IEHP model are investigated in the context of the 3D-NRNCQS regime. The effect of space-space deformation on the spin-averaged mass spectra of the heavy-light mesons such as (charmonium and bottomonium) under the IEHP model in 3D-NRNCQS symmetries was investigated. Furthermore, the thermal properties such as partition function, mean energy, free energy, specific heat, and entropy of the IHPMEP are duly investigated in both 3D-NRQM and 3D-NRNCQS symmetries. The present research finds many applications in various fields, such as molecular and atomic physics.

Ultraviolet Transmittance of Daily and Monthly Disposable Contact Lenses with UV Filters and Compliances with American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Classification

2025-01-28T11:00:02+03:00

Abstract: Significance: Ultraviolet (UV)-blocking contact lenses (CLs) may limit the exposure to UV radiation and prevent UV-associated adverse effects. However, the effectiveness of daily disposable CLs (DDCLs) and monthly disposable CLs (MDCLs) in blocking UV radiation and how well they conform to the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Z80.20 standard are not fully understood. Aim: This study aimed to determine the UV-blocking effectiveness of DDCLs and MDCLs available in Jordan and examine their compliance with the criteria specified by the ANSI. Approach: Visible and UV light transmittances of the CLs (DDCLs: 1-DAY ACUVUE^®MOIST^TM, Bausch + Lomb Biotrue^®ONEday, ACUVUE^®OASYS^TM; MDCLs: Avaira Vitality^TM, CooperVision® Biomedics® 55 sphere, Clear 58^TM) were evaluated using a spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance ANOVA followed by Tukey’s pairwise comparison test. Results: One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between UV transmission from three DDCLs of different brands in the UVA, UVB, and UVC regions (P < 0.001). In the case of MDCLs, a significant difference was also observed in the UV transmission characteristics. Most importantly, all three DDCLs met the class 2 criteria of ANSI for UV-blocking CLs. Among the MDCLs, however, only one met these criteria. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Acuvue OASYS is the best daily contact lens for blocking UV radiation. Among MDCLs, Avaira and Biomedics Sphere 55 are recommended for UV protection. All DDCLs met ANSI class 2 criteria for UV blockage.

Keywords: Ultraviolet, Radiation, Protection, CLs, Spectrophotometry.

Effect of Reaction Time on Structure, Morphology and Optical Energy Gap of TiO2 Nanorods Prepared by One-Step Hydrothermal Method

2025-01-28T11:02:48+03:00

Abstract: In this study, well-aligned rutile TiO₂ nanorod arrays were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates by a hydrothermal technique using TiCl₄ as the titania precursor. The influence of hydrothermal reaction (growth) time on the change of nanostructure shape and size during the preparation of the nanorods was examined. The study investigated the characteristics of the prepared TiO₂nanorods using various analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectrophotometer. Diverse structures, morphologies, and optical band gaps of TiO₂nanorods were obtained by varying the hydrothermal reaction time at optimized growth factors such as growth temperature, precursor concentration, and acidity. The composition remained rutile, although the particle size and the average diameter of the nanorods changed with the growth time. It was observed that the absorption edge shifted to longer wavelengths (redshift), and the predicted band gap of TiO2 decreased as the growth time increased. Additionally, the rutile phase was confirmed through Raman spectroscopic analysis.

Keywords: TiO₂, FTO, One-step Hydrothermal, Growth time, Nanorods.

Ionization Cross Section in Li2+ + H Collision

2025-01-28T11:04:39+03:00

Abstract: We present total ionization cross section (TICS) and single differential ionization cross sections (SDCS) of neutral hydrogen atoms by partially stripped lithium ions. We employed a 4-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) model and a 4-body quasi-classical trajectory Monte Carlo (QCTMC) model. We present the TICS in the projectile impact energy range from 40 keV to 8 MeV, relevant to astronomical, plasma, and fusion research interests. We found that total ionization cross sections obtained using the CTMC model were lower than those calculated with QCTMC, and more closely aligned to previous experimental data. Furthermore, the QCTMC calculations show higher values than the experimental results but are closer to previous theoretical data. We also present the energy and angular differential ionization cross section of ground state hydrogen atom by Li²⁺ using both 4-body CTMC and 4-body QCTMC methods.

Keywords: Ion-atom collision, Ionization, Classical trajectory Monte Carlo method, Single differential ionization cross section.

Enhanced Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensing Response of DC Magnetron Sputtered Vanadium Oxide Thin Films

2025-01-28T11:07:08+03:00

Abstract: In this study, the sensitive selective ammonia (NH₃) gas sensor was fabricated using V₂O₅ thin films synthesized by DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering technique with different substrate temperatures. The sputtered V₂O₅ thin films were analyzed for their optical, structural, morphological, and gas-sensing properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy results indicated that the thin films were amorphous. The gas-sensing performance was evaluated at various substrate temperatures and different NH₃ concentrations ranging from 5 to 200 ppm, with 27 °C as the operating temperature. The V₂O₅ thin films achieved their maximum response to NH₃ at room temperature (27°) and an optimal ammonia concentration of 100 ppm. Notably, the room-temperature-sputtered V₂O₅ sensors showed a good gas-sensing response of 45.94%. After 50 days, the gas response to the same NH₃ concentration was nearly 44.23%. Furthermore, all sputtered gas sensors demonstrated good selectivity toward NH₃ over other gases, including acetone, methanol, ethanol, and toluene, as well as long-term stability.

Keywords: Sputtering, Gas sensing response, Operating temperature, Sensitivity, Selectivity.

Radioclimatic Variable Characterization for Tropical Microwave Link Applications

2025-01-28T11:09:59+03:00

Abstract: One of the main factors impairing radio wave propagation is atmospheric refraction. To ensure a reliable radio link, accurate estimates of the refractivity gradient and geoclimatic factor are essential for determining the fade margin, a crucial component of radio-wave signal transmission. In this study, three years of data from 2019 to 2021, collected from six distinct locations in Nigeria, were utilized to analyze the radio-climatic variables in order to determine their influences on microwave linkages. The obtained values for surface refractivity show seasonal variation, with higher values during the wet season and lower values during the Harmattan. Makurdi, located in the north of the country, is mostly impacted by sub-refraction, whilst Lagos and Port-Harcourt, in the south, are impacted by super-refraction. The average refractivity gradient values for Makurdi and Yola are -35.2 and -30.62 N-units/km, respectively, with k factors of 1.30 and 1.32. In contrast, Lagos and Port Harcourt recorded values of -81 and -93. with k factors of 1.42 and 1.51. The findings also show that the shift of the intertropical discontinuity influences seasonal variations across the studied locations. Geoclimatic factor values vary seasonally and spatially. The results provide valuable insights for designing microwave wireless links in Nigeria.

Keywords: Fade margin, Geoclimatic factor, Microwave links, Propagation, Surface refractivity.