Simulated Solar Radiation Experiment to Detect and Model Temperature Rise in the Metropolitan City, Karachi

Abstract

: Karachi is the only metropolis in Pakistan, and in the last two to three decades, there has been a continuous increase in the daily average temperatures. Consequently, there has been an average increase of 4% to 6% in the annual temperature over this period. The main reasons for this rise could be an increase in cementation and a reduction in green areas due to abrupt and unplanned construction in the city. To verify this statement, we devised a simulated solar heat energy experiment tailored to the environmental conditions of Karachi. This experiment was carried out in both open and covered areas. The findings of the study outcome indicate that the heat energy retained in the environment has increased due to cementation, reduced green spaces, and the population increase. An average increase of 3.5 °C was recorded during the experimental procedure.